Posts Tagged ‘energy conservation’
Florida’s new commercial energy codes
Florida's 2010 Energy Code-Part II Here are my notes from reviewing the new 2010 Florida Energy Code. Just like the new residential energy code, the commercial energy code for 2010 calls for significantly more energy efficient buildings. This trend will likely continue in subsequent codes as well. For new construction here are the values in Table 502.1.1.1: Roof insulation-R-40 Walls: R-30 (quite a jump from before!!!) Walls are required to have an absorptance of 0.3 or less. Floors above grade: R-30 Windows: U- value of 0.45 or better (the lower the U value, the better). This means quality double pane windows. Window Tinting (SHGC): 0.25 or less for 1% to 40% window/wall ratio (that is a high level of tint) 0.19 or better for 40% to 50% window to wall ration (examples of 0.19 tint would be dark tint or reflective tints) window to wall ratios above 50% are not allowed without specialized modeling to prove ...
Florida’s New Energy Code
Well, the 2010 Florida Building Code becomes active this March. Here is a look at the energy conservation requirements as they relate to architects. This first blog will address the Residential Code, the second will address the Energy Code for Commercial Buildings, the third blog will feature suggested drawing notes architectural drawings regarding the residential energy code, and last but not least, the fourth blog will include suggested drawing notes for commercial buildings. You can access the new Florida Energy Code at: www.ecodes.biz/ecodes_support/free_resources/2010Florida/Energy/10FL_Energy.html The general intent of the new code is to require Florida residential buildings to be 20% more energy efficient than previous dwellings. I suspect future codes will push for even more energy efficient homes from here on out until we can’t possibly offer better buildings (zero energy buildings are actually getting built in the US now and technology will likely make such things more affordable in the coming years). Once again, air handlers are not allowed in attics (402.1.2.2). If you look at the definition of attic, spray foam ” attics” are not counted as attics since they are within the air barrier and thermal barrier of the building. While there are exceptions, the basics ...
Advanced Energy Efficiency for Buildings
ASHRAE (the American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers) is in the process of releasing booklets free to all interested people with practical step by step information that makes a building design save a projected 50% of the energy bills of conventional buildings being designed. To keep things simple, ASHRAE dedicates each booklet to a specific type of building: small offices/retail/warehouses/motels/educational/smaller healthcare facilities. These booklets are part of a long term commitment by ASHRAE to help create a world where buildings use dramatically less energy. The first stage was to release booklets that describe step by step information on how to save 30% on energy buildings being designed. I had mentioned these booklets on my home page. The new stage is 50% energy reductions. So far one free booklet is available in this category (for small offices). By the time you read this, there will probably more types of buildings available. In the future, expect guidelines for even higher energy targets. By the time 100% energy savings is a reality-buildings will likely need to be linked together with surrounding buildings in terms of energy features (like co-generation, waste heat recovery etc). ASHRAE (the American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers) is in the ...
Using the ground for Geothermal in Florida
When the ground gets used for storing and discharging temperature, the whole energy transfer becomes pretty complex. Below is a great schematic I found on a NASA website describing global warming. Among other things, this illustration shows all the energy transfers that effect the upper surface of the ground. With respect to geothermal air conditioning, we would add to this energy diagram with our piping system of course. [caption id="attachment_150" align="aligncenter" width="478" caption="Energy Transfer at earth's surface (from NASA)"][/caption] This illustration was produced to help explain global warming. Notice anything strange? As a mechanical engineer, we were taught in engineering school to define boundaries of whatever we are studying and include all energy within the boundary and crossing the boundary. So I am calling attention to energy transfer from the center of the earth the the earth's crust. It is not represented in the above illustration. I have not found any information on this subject that a non-astro-geophysicist type like me could understand, but that doesn't mean it isn't important. If any readers out there can enlighten us on the core of the earth's exact contribution to soil temperatures, please do. Anyway, ...
Reasons to let an engineer select your geothermal pump
I have seen well pumps get selected for geothermal for some pretty strange reasons. On one occasion, the well driller reportedly insisted that he had ample commercial well experience to select the pump. The commercial experience he was referring to turned out to be agriculture. The geothermal heating/cooling system did not work right. Sometimes well pumps get selected because the same exact pump got used successfully on another project. It would be a coincidence if the same pump conditions existed on two different projects. Since flow measurement is not always provided for on systems that aren't engineered, it is difficult to say if "working right" means doing the job without wasting energy. Once an owner asked me to use a pump he found on the internet and liked. The pump wasn't capable of sucking water high enough out of the ground to work in the Florida aquifer application. The owner reported that the well flowed artesian so it didn't matter. Conferring with the well driller confirmed that the artesian effect of the well was only seasonal. This meant the pump would only be able to draw water out of the well during rainy season. Well pumps are the heart of the system. Oversizing ...
A History of New HVAC Technologies
I have had the good fortune of disussing the HVAC industry with old timers when I was right out of college. Back then, computers were rare commodities and only existed as main frames. One main frame per office with shared computer time. Software was all DOS. Drafting was done with ink pens. Old timers were people who were around when slide rules were the only computing instruments and drafting was sometimes done on coated linen sheets (these produced drawings with dark blue backgrounds that gave forth the name "blueprints"). These old timers had a mastery of steam engineering. Unfortunately, I don't think all of that body of steam and drafting knowledge got documented for future generations of engineers. Before anyone knew it, steam became less common than hot water hydronics and old timers were retiring. Originally, the old timers explained to me, HVAC engineering originally consisted of steam systems for heating and ventilation ductwork. Plumbing was done by the HVAC engineer or the architect. When Carrier invented air conditioning, HVAC consulting engineers were spectaters at first since the only people with mastery over air conditioning were the inventers. Back ...
Florida ground geothermal
I get asked quite a bit about saving money on wells by simply using the ground (or shallow ponds) as a geothermal source in Florida. The fact that this practice is successful in other parts of the USA can weigh heavily on building owner's minds. The math of the situation in Florida is that the sun beats down heavily on the ground at our latitude. As sun bather's know, the angle of the sun on one's body has a lot to do with how much solar heat one takes in. This hurts the geothermal situation in two ways. First the ground (or surface water) absorbs more heat at the very time of year we want to get rid of heat. Second, amount of heat buildings in Florida need to get rid of increases too. I actually tried out the saying that one could fry an egg on the sidewalk at the peak of summer sun. It did indeed cook and make a mess. A 35 foot deep lake is reported to contain a bottom layer of stratefied colder water, but anything less is going to be dominated by the sun in Florida. Unlike northern climates, our winters are not that cold so heat buildup in ...
digitally controlled lighting
What an amazing step forward with lighting! Intelligent lighting that senses occupancy and daylight and varies the lighting output hour by hour automatically. The best part is, it can somehow digitally alter the lighting output of the fixture to keep it from overlighting the space. Oh happy day! For years I have input lighting designs from various electrical engineers into the State's energy forms. It is amazing how often lighting designs flunk the energy code. I am sure many still wind up getting built never-the-less. It is not uncommon to find older buidings with 1-1/2 times to twice as much light as they need. Imagine an office needs 143 watts of light. The electrical designer looks at light fixtures which are available in 120 watt or 200 watt increments, and so the office gets (2) 120 watt fixtures (that's 240 watts in an application that only needs 143 watts). With this new system now, factory-set lights can take these two light fixtures and make sure they don't exceed something in the vicinity of 143 watts. This alone is big news. Now imagine the office has a window. The window provides ample amounts of daylight into the space during typical work hours-say for example 20 ...
reducing energy bills through long range planning
For commercial buildings, it is not uncommon for some buildings to consume twice as much as other comparable buildings. New buildings, for example, are typically designed to consume about 30% less energy that comparable buildings of old, wether the building owners request it or not. New buildings in the future will be, across the board, even more energy efficient. But what about buildings that are already built? Often times building owners hire their utility provider to produce free energy studies on how to save money on their electric bills. Common results from such efforts are expensive replacements of light fixtures, and in the end, nothing much happens. Large foreign owned energy firms typically produce expensive studies that offer expensive solutions (with attractive paybacks). Expensive and complicated plans often don't always get followed through. This article is about other alternatives to saving on energy bills. For example, a less expensive study which produces a long range plan to replace aging equipment (when it needs replacement) with more cost effective solutions in terms of energy bills. Often, comfort increases in the process. Additionally, there are low cost ways to reduce your ...
Celebrating One Year Anniversary of Consulting Practice
Although I have been a consulting engineer for 27 years; last month marked the one year anniversary of Guy Van Meulebrouck PE (going out on my own). I would like to thank all the clients who have helped make the first year possible! It has been an interesting year with a fascinating variety of projects: -Church remodels -problem solving -studies, second opinions -energy calculations -geothermal advising and feasibility -industrial piping design -energy bill reductions -geothermal design -office buildings -theater -commercial design -industrial air conditioning And a special thanks to my repeat clients! Your continued support is very much appreciated! I have enjoyed giving your projects 100% senior engineer participation through every step of design and construction. As usual, I worked for a variety of different types of clients: small business owners, international conglomerates, government, contractors, and churches. I covered a broad region of Florida from the panhandle down to Naples. Thanks again! Looking foward to year two.
